Low Back Pain

References

Citations

1. Carragee EJ, Hannibal M (2004). Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2004): 7–16.

2. Koes B, Van Tulder M (2006). Low back pain (acute), search date November 2004. Online version of Clinical Evidence (15).

3. Datta D, et al. (2005). Low back pain. In ED Harris Jr et al., eds., Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology, 7th ed., vol. 1, pp. 588–600. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.

4. Van Tulder M, Koes B (2006). Low back pain (chronic), search date November 2004. Online version of Clinical Evidence (15).

5. Hay EM, et al. (2005). Comparison of physical treatments versus a brief pain-management programme for back pain in primary care: A randomised clinical trial in physiotherapy practice. Lancet, 365(9476): 2024–2030.

6. Goldby LJ, et al. (2006). A randomized controlled trial investigating the efficiency of musculoskeletal physiotherapy on chronic low back disorder. Spine, 31(10): 1083–1093.

7. Hadler NM (2005). Low back pain. In WJ Koopman, ed., Arthritis and Allied Conditions, 15th ed., vol. 2, pp. 2073–2086. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

8. Abramowicz M (2006). Acupuncture. Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, 48(1234): 38–39.

9. Haake M, et al. (2007). German acupuncture trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(17): 1892–1898.

10. Furlan AD, et al. (2007). Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).

11. Abraham I, Killackey-Jones B (2002). Lack of evidence-based research for idiopathic low back pain. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(13): 1442–1444.

12. Hu SS, et al. (2006). Lumbar disc herniation section of Disorders, diseases, and injuries of the spine. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 4th ed., pp. 246–249. New York: McGraw-Hill.

13. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2005). Primary care interventions to prevent low back pain in adults: Recommendation statement. Available online: www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/lowback/lowbackrs.htm.

14. Kovacs FM, et al. (2003). Effect of firmness of mattress on chronic non-specific low-back pain: Randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 362(9396):1599–1604.

15. Hayden JA, et al. (2007). Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).

16. Wassell JT, et al. (2000). A prospective study of back belts for prevention of back pain and injury. JAMA, 284(21): 2727–2732.

17. Deyo RA, Weinstein JN (2001). Low back pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(5): 363–370.

18. Mailis-Gagnon A, et al. (2007). Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).

19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2004). FDA approves artificial disc; another alternative to treat low back pain. FDA Talk Paper T04-45. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2004/ANS01320.html.

20. Deer T, et al. (2004). Intrathecal drug delivery for treatment of chronic low back pain: Report from the National Outcomes Registry for Low Back Pain. Pain Medicine, 5(1): 6–13.

21. Furlan AD, et al. (2007). Massage for low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).

22. Andersson GB, et al. (1999). A comparison of osteopathic spinal manipulation with standard care for patients with low back pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(19): 1426–1431.

23. Hsieh LL, et al. (2006). Treatment of low back pain by acupressure and physical therapy: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 333(7543): 696–700.

24. Graves N, et al., (2004). Does yoga speed healing for patients with low back pain? Journal of Family Practice, 53(8): 661–662.

Other Works Consulted

• Cailliet R (2003). Low Back Disorders: A Medical Enigma. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

• Chaiamnuay S, et al. (2006). Risks versus benefits of cyclooxygenase-2-selective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 63(19): 1837–1851.

• Chou R, et al. (2007). Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: A joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(7): 478–491.

• Chou R, Huffman LH (2007). Medications for acute and chronic low back pain: A review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(7): 505–514.

• Chou R, Huffman LH (2007). Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: A review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(7): 492–504.

• Thorson DC, et al. (2006). Health Care Guideline: Adult Low Back Pain, 12th ed., pp. 1–65. Bloomington, MN: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement.

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Author:	Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH	Last Updated: February 6, 2008
Medical Review:	William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine Robert B. Keller, MD - Orthopedics
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