Down Syndrome
What Happens
Although having Down syndrome presents some challenges, most people with the condition can flourish and live healthy, happy, and productive lives.
Many of the challenges are related to cognitive disability (mental retardation) and health problems. People with Down syndrome are prone to certain diseases or conditions, such as hypothyroidism, or other health problems, such as hearing loss or respiratory infections.
You can help your child manage these and other difficulties by offering continual love and reassurance. Make sure he or she has regular medical care by a team of caring health professionals. You will also help your child by providing access to a good learning environment as well as to activities that encourage exercise and interactions with other children.
The effects of Down syndrome usually change over time. Although the specific effects vary with each child, it may help you to be familiar with some general patterns of Down syndrome.
Babies with Down syndrome
Babies usually reach growth and early development milestones (such as turning over, sitting, standing, walking, and speaking) later than other children. Special training, such as speech therapy, may be needed.
Children with Down syndrome
Health problems and developmental disabilities can contribute to the development of behavior problems. For example, a child may develop oppositional defiant disorder in part because he or she does not communicate well or understand others' expectations.
Patience, educational and socialization opportunities, and appropriate physical activities can help to prevent or manage problem behavior. Counseling and medicines may be needed if a child develops mental health problems such as anxiety or depression.
Teens with Down syndrome
Puberty begins at about the same ages for teens with Down syndrome as for other preteens and young teenagers. It is a good idea to learn about the possible social difficulties and vulnerabilities your child with Down syndrome may face. For example, teens with Down syndrome are vulnerable to abuse, injury, and other types of harm. They may also have more than the usual difficulties with handling strong emotions and feelings typical of their age. Sometimes these struggles can lead to mental health problems, especially depression.
Teens usually graduate from high school, unless their disabilities are severe. Vocational training helps many young adults learn how to work in a variety of settings, such as stores, restaurants, or hotels.
Adults with Down syndrome
Most adults with Down syndrome function well in mainstream society. They often have regular jobs, have friends and romantic relationships, and participate in community activities.
Men with Down syndrome most often are sterile and cannot father children. Many women with Down syndrome can have children, but they usually have early menopause.
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| Author: | Debby Golonka, MPH | Last Updated: August 9, 2007 |
| Medical Review: | Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine Michael J. Sexton, MD - Pediatrics David Smith, MD - Family Medicine | |
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