Surgery for ovarian cysts

Surgery Overview

When an ovarian growth or cyst needs to be closely looked at, a surgeon can do so through a small incision using laparoscopy or through a larger abdominal incision (laparotomy). Either type of surgery can be used to diagnose problems such as ovarian cysts, adhesions, fibroids, and pelvic infection. However, a laparotomy allows the best possible view of the abdominal organs and the female pelvic organs, which is important when a large area needs to be carefully evaluated.

During surgery, a noncancerous cyst that is causing symptoms can be removed (cystectomy), leaving the ovary intact. In some cases the entire ovary is removed, particularly when cancer is found.

What To Expect After Surgery

General anesthesia usually is used during surgery.

After a laparoscopy, you can resume normal activities within a day, but you should avoid strenuous activity or exercise for about a week.

After a laparotomy, you may stay in the hospital from 2 to 4 days and return to your usual activities in 4 to 6 weeks.

Why It Is Done

Surgery is used to confirm the diagnosis of an ovarian cyst, remove a cyst that is causing symptoms, and rule out ovarian cancer.

Surgery for an ovarian cyst or growth may be recommended in the following situations:

• Ovarian growths (masses) are present in both ovaries.
• An ovarian cyst is larger than 3 in. (7.6 cm).
• An ultrasound exam suggests that a cyst is not a simple functional cyst.
• You have an ovarian growth and you:
  • Have never had a menstrual period (for example, a young girl).
  • Have been through menopause (postmenopausal woman).
  • Use birth control pills (unless you are using low-dose progestin-only pills or have missed a pill, which would make an ovulation-related functional cyst more likely).
• Your health professional is concerned that ovarian cancer may be present.

How Well It Works

An ovarian cyst can be removed from an ovary (cystectomy), preserving the ovary and your fertility. However, it is possible for a new cyst to form on the same or opposite ovary after a cystectomy. New cysts can only be completely prevented by removing the ovaries (oophorectomy).

Risks

Risks of ovarian surgery include the following:

• Ovarian cysts may come back after a cystectomy.
• Pain may not be controlled.
• Scar tissue (adhesions) may form at the surgical site, on the ovaries or fallopian tubes, or in the pelvis.
• Infection may develop.
• The bowel or bladder may be damaged during surgery.

What To Think About

Surgery may be recommended if you have a large cyst, cysts in both ovaries, or other characteristics that may suggest ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer can occur in women of all ages but the incidence increases after menopause.

For more information, see laparoscopic surgery versus laparotomy.

Complete the surgery information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you prepare for this surgery.

Author:	Monica Rhodes	Last Updated: November 22, 2006
Medical Review:	Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
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