Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or nephrolithotripsy for kidney stones

References

Citations

  1. Spector DA (2007). Urinary stones. In NH Fiebach et al., eds., Principles of Ambulatory Medicine, 7th ed., pp. 754–766. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.


Author: Monica Rhodes Last Updated: May 4, 2009
Medical Review: Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Philip Belitsky, MD, FRCSC - Urology

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Topic Contents
 Treatment Overview
 What To Expect After Treatment
 Why It Is Done
 How Well It Works
 Risks
 What To Think About
 References