Dehydration occurs when your body loses too much
fluid. When you stop drinking water or lose large amounts of fluid through
diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating, your body's cells reabsorb fluid from the
blood and other body tissues. By the time you develop
severe dehydration, there is no longer enough fluid in
the body to get blood to the organs, and you may begin to go into
shock, which is a life-threatening condition.
Dehydration in babies and small children is very dangerous.
Babies are more susceptible to dehydration because a larger portion
of their bodies is made of water. Babies also have higher metabolic rates than
adults, so their bodies use more water. However, a baby's kidneys are not as
efficient, and they do not conserve water as well as an adult's kidneys.
Illnesses that cause vomiting or diarrhea can rapidly reduce a baby's fluid
reserves.
A problem with your baby's stomach or intestines, such as
pyloric stenosis or
intussusception, may cause forceful vomiting after
each feeding. These are medical emergencies and require immediate
evaluation.
Vomiting in babies should not be confused with spitting up. Vomiting
is forceful and repeated. Spitting up may seem forceful, but it usually occurs
shortly after feeding, is effortless, and causes no discomfort. A baby may spit
up for no reason at all. Overfeeding, not burping your baby after feeding,
exposure to tobacco smoke, and intolerance to milk or formula are other reasons
why your baby may spit up.