Should I use hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

References

Citations

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  2. Rossouw JE, et al. (2002). Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 288(3): 321–333.

  3. Chlebowski T, et al. (2003). Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA, 289(24): 3243–3253.

  4. Shumaker SA, et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative memory study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 289(20): 2651–2662.

  5. North American Menopause Society (2004). Position statement: Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 11(6): 589–600. Available online: http://www.menopause.org/edumaterials/2004HTreport.pdf.

  6. Solomon CG, Dluhy RG (2003). Rethinking postmenopausal hormone therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(7): 579–580.

  7. Million Women Study Collaborators (2003). Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet, 362(9382): 419–427.

  8. American Heart Association (2000). Women, Heart Disease, and Stroke Survey Highlights. Available online: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=10382.

  9. Manson JE, et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(6): 523–534.

  10. Prentice RL, et al. (2006). Combined analysis of Women's Health Initiative observational and clinical trial data on postmenopausal hormone treatment and cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163(7): 589–599.

  11. Rossouw JE, et al. (2007). Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA, 297(13): 1465–1477.

  12. North American Menopause Society (2004). Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: Position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 11(1): 11–33.

  13. Freedman R, et al. (1995). Biochemical and thermoregulatory effects of behavioral treatment for menopausal hot flashes. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society, 2(4): 211–218.

  14. Irvin JH, et al. (1996). The effects of relaxation response training on menopausal symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 17(4): 202–207.

  15. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2003). Postmenopausal hormone therapy: Questions and answers. Available online: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/women/q_a.htm.

  16. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2003). Statement of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists on hormone therapy for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. ACOG News Release. Available online: http://www.acog.com/from_home/publications/press_releases/nr10-07-03.cfm.

  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2004). FDA plans to evaluate results of Women's Health Initiative study for estrogen-alone therapy. FDA Talk Paper T04-06. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2004/ANS01281.html.

  18. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee (2004). Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA, 291(14): 1701–1712.

  19. Beral V, et al. (2007). Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet, 369(9574): 1703–1710.

  20. Wassertheir-Smoller S (2003). Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative: A randomized trial. JAMA, 289(20): 2673–2684.

  21. Grodstein F, et al. (2006). Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: The role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. Journal of Women's Health, 15(1): 35–44.

  22. Kerlikowske K, et al. (2003). Prognostic characteristics of breast cancer among postmenopausal hormone users in a screened population. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(23): 4314–4321.

  23. Prestwood KM, et al. (2003). Ultralow-dose micronized 17 B-estradiol and bone density and bone metabolism in older women. JAMA, 290(8): 1042–1048.

  24. Holmberg L, Anderson H (2004). HABITS (Hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer—Is it safe?), a randomized comparison: Trial stopped. Lancet, 363(9407): 453–455.



Author: Kathe Gallagher, MSWLast Updated: May 26, 2006
Medical Review: Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine
Carla J. Herman, MD, MPH - Internal Medicine

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